Multi-Biomarker Responses of Asian Clam Corbicula fluminea (Bivalvia, Corbiculidea) to Cadmium and Microplastics Pollutants

One of the most widespread aquatic organisms in rivers and estuarine ecosystems, world, is Asian clam Corbiculafluminea. This clam, that can adapt to environmental changes, an invasive species several areas it was adopted as a model for toxicity tests. study evaluated effects exposure cadmium (Cd), microplastics (MPs) their mixtures on C. fluminea. The oxidative stress responses, lipid peroxidation (LPO), changes activity energy-related enzymes neurotoxicity were assessed gill, digestive gland gonad. results show Cd, MPs cause stress, damage neurotoxicity. superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) LPO levels could be chosen biomarkers Cd pollution. Exposure induced increase reduced/oxidized (GSH/GSSG) ratio increased AChE activity. combined caused synergetic effect gill gonad, while antagonism response recorded gland. provide new insights unveiling biologic heavy metal, Besides, we demonstrated good bioindicator microplastic pollution occur environments.